Sample Essay
The strong education that some Afghan refugees received in the Iranian refugee camps and in other countries through both formal and informal educational systems has created some problems when repatriation to Afghanistan has occurred. In some instances, reintegrated refugee students are not only far advanced of their peers in their Afghan classrooms, they are better educated than their teachers (Banzet & de Geoffroy, 2006).
Sample Essay
In the article titled ‘Debating the Future of Audit’ by Ronan Nolan, the issues regarding the impact of international economic crisis on the value of statutory audit have been described. Mr. Nolan has summarized a number of issues that were discussed at an Audit Forum hosted by Chartered Accountants Ireland. The issues included were regarding the appropriateness of the financial reporting standards, the accounting expectation gap and the audit expectation gap, quality assurance procedures, the scope of the audit, communication to regulatory authorities in case of certain entities, form of the audit reports, and the role of those charged with governance of the entity in the effectiveness of the audit engagement.
Sample Essay
The ongoing presence of U.S. and NATO military, security and aid organizations within Afghanistan underscored the need for greater cross-cultural understanding and improved communication across the stake holding cultures.
Sample Essay
The roots of the Taliban movement can be traced to the Afghan Civil War and the foreign-based support of insurgent groups battling the Soviets and the PDPA. The Taliban emerged as a powerful group of mostly Pashto fighters who embraced a Sunni Islamist fundamentalist perspective. With financial backing and support from Pakistan, among other countries, the Taliban drew many of its fighters from Afghan refugee camps in Pakistan and from tribal groups across southern Afghanistan. As the infighting among Mujahedeen factions continued to erode the fabric of Afghan society, the Taliban consolidated its power, particularly among Pashto Afghans who may have responded to the idea of placing Afghanistan’s government once again under Pashto control, as it had been for almost two hundred years prior to the Civil War (Ayub & Kuovo, 2008).
Sample Essay
Afghanistan is an almost exclusively Muslim country (Ayub & Kuovo, 2008), with 80% of its people identifying as Sunni Muslim and 19% reporting as Shia Muslims. The remaining 1% of the population represents a smattering of religious (or secular) affiliations (CIA Factbook, 2009). Despite the overwhelming Muslim presence in the country, Dupree (2002) insisted that Afghans “do not make an issue of being Muslims, of exhibiting proof of their muslimness, and abhor any tendencies toward fanaticism” (p. 980). Dupree (2002) framed the rise and influence of the Taliban, its brutal enforcement of Sharia law and its punitive actions against other “inferior” Muslims as an anomaly in the country’s history and a source of “deep resentment” for the largely conservative, but not fanatic, Afghan population.
Sample Essay
The Northern Alliance was formally recognized as the Afghan government by the United Nations (U.N.) following the December 2001 meeting of Afghan mujahedeen leaders and other influential Afghans in Bonn, Germany. This meeting, what the Afghans refer to as a loya jirga — a council of leaders working toward political objectives (Wardak, 2003) — outlined the formation of a Democratic government through what is known as the Bonn Agreement and the Pashto Hamid Karzai was selected to serve as the head of the Afghan Interim Authority.
Sample Essay
The new government evolving as an Interim Authority towards the establishment of the current Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is led by a Pashto, Hamid Karzai. This new government was realized through meeting of Afghan representatives (a loya jirga) that came to be known as the Bonn Agreement (Ayub & Kuovo, 2008; Johnsen, 2006; McNerney, 2005-2006). The Afghan state currently takes a toll on reconstruction efforts under the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The most profitable commodity in Afghanistan is its poppy cultivation which fuels almost three quarters of the world’s opium and heroin trade. This activity creates an ongoing security issue for the fledgling government, its international patronage countries, and the Afghan people who are most susceptible to the violence and corruption engendered by illegal drug trafficking (Ayub & Kuovo, 2008; Barajas, Howard, Miner, Sartin & Silver, 2006; Schetter, 2002; Emadi, 2005; Weinstein & Vaishnav, 2006).
Sample Essay
The forces proved remarkably successful, eventually pushing the attacking forces back as far as the Yalu River. This however presented a new dimension of threat to China. As North Korea acted as a buffer state for the Eastern giant, it felt its interests being threatened and emerged into the war against the allied forces. The war thus ended at roughly close to the 38th parallel once more in a stalemate (Fehrenbach 2001).
Sample Essay
When the inability of South Vietnam to hold its own against the communist guerrillas dawned upon the American high command, it started increasing its military presence in the region, eventually stretching its forces to over half a million in 1968. This was a typical battle between the pro-democracy south supported by the US and the NLF guerrillas drawn primarily from the peasant population of the country but militarily backed by the communist forces (David 1991).
Sample Essay
With its development in all endeavors, European Union has spread its wings widely in all the respective areas of energy, industry, trade, economy, transport, security, environmental and others. The services of European Union and the efforts put ahead are immeasurable. Even, its participation and role in the implementation of global peacemaking stay beyond the propagation of services and efforts (Meredith, 1994).
